(1) Fill in the blanks:
(a) Production of new individuals from the vegetative part of parent is called___________.
(b) A flower may have either male of female reproductive parts. Such a flower is called_______.
(c) The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the same or of another flower of the same kind is known as______.
(d) The fusion of male and female gametes is termed as________.
(e) Seed dispersal takes place by means of____, ____and _______.
Ans-
(a) Production of new individuals from the vegetative part of parent is called vegetative propagation.
(b) A flower may have either male of female reproductive parts. Such a flower is called unisexual flower.
(c) The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the same or of another flower of the same kind is known as pollination.
(d) The fusion of male and female gametes is termed as fertilisation.
(e) Seed dispersal takes place by means of wind, water and animals.
(2) Describe the different methods of asexual reproduction. Give examples.
Ans- When new plants are obtained without production of seeds, the reproduction of plants is known as asexual reproduction.
(i)When reproduction of the plants is happen through vegetative parts of plant such as stem, leaves, roots and buds, it is known as vegetative reproduction.
Eg:- roes, potato, champa, Ginger etc.
(ii) The small bulb like projection coming out from the yeast cell is called a bud. The bud gradually grows and gets detached from the parent cell and forms a new yeast cell. Sometimes, another bud arises from the bud forming a chain of buds. This process is known as budding. If this process continues, a large number of yeast cells are produced in a short time.
Eg:– yeast
(iii) Fragmentation is the process of reproduction in which an organism split into fragments which grow and develop as mature individuals that are clone of their parent organism.
Eg:– algae
(iv) The spore formation is the mode of reproduction of fungi by spores, which are asexual reproductive bodies. Each spore is covered by a hard protective coat to withstand unfavourable conditions such as high temperature and low humidity. So, they can survive for a long time. Under favourable conditions, a spore germinates and develops into a new individual.
Eg:- moss and fern
(3) Explain what you understand by sexual reproduction.
Ans- When male reproductive part (stamen) and female reproductive part (pistil) unite to reproduce new plant which is not necessarily identical to their parents, the process is known as sexual reproduction in plants.
(4) State the main difference between asexual and sexual reproduction.
Ans-
Main differences between asexual and sexual reproduction are tabulated given below-
| S.No. | Asexual reproduction | Sexual reproduction |
| 1. | Single parent can reproduce plants. | Both parents are required for reproduction. |
| 2. | In it plants can be reproduce by any part of the plant as bud, root etc. | In it plants can reproduce with stamen and pistil. |
| 3. | In it plants can produce without seeds. | In it plants can produce with seeds. |
| 4. | Plant sare identical to their parent plant. | Plants are not necessarily identical to their parents. |
| 5. | Plants grow faster than those produce by seeds. | Plants grow slower than those produce by vegetative parts. |
| 6. | Plants can create individuals rapidly and in large quantity. | Plants cannot produce individual rapidly and in large quantity as in asexual reproduction. |
| 7. | Eg- Rose, champa, potato, turmeric, ginger etc. | Eg- mustard, china rose, corn etc. |
(5) Sketch the reproductive parts of a flower.
Ans- Reproductive parts of a flower is shown below:
(6) Explain the difference between self -pollination and cross- pollination.
Ans- If the pollen lands on the stigma of the same flower it is called self- pollination.
When the pollen of a flower lands on the stigma of another flower of the same plant, or that of a different plant of the same kind, it is called cross – pollination.
(7) How does the process of fertilisation take place in flowers?
Ans- The process of fusion of male and female gametes (to form a zygote) is called fertilisation.
When pollens reach to stigma by the touch of anther or by other method, they start germinating to grow pollen tube towards the egg cell. The pollen tube reaches to ovules where male gametes meet female gametes. The cell which results in this process is zygote which develops to embryo. It will later grow into a new plant.
(8) Describe the various ways by which seeds are dispersed.
Ans– Seed dispersed by various ways which are given below-
(i) Seeds blown away by wind.
Eg:- Winged seeds such as drumstick and maple, light seeds of grasses or hairy seeds of aak and hairy fruit of sunflower.
(ii) Some seeds are dispersed by water. These seeds or fruits develop floating ability in the form of spongy or fibrous outré coat.
Eg:– coconut
(iii) Some seeds are dispersed by animals. Spiny seeds with hooks get attached to the bodies of animals and are carried to distant places.
Eg:- Xanthium and Urena.
(iv) Some seeds are dispersed when the fruits burst with sudden jerks. The seeds are scattered far from the parent plant.
Eg:- castor and balsam.
(9) Match items in column I with those in column II:
Column I Column II
(a) Bud (i) Maple
(b) Eyes (ii)Spirogyra
(c) Fragmentation (iii) Yeast
(d) Wings (iv) Bread mould
(e) Spores (v) Potato
(vi) Rose
Ans-
Column I Column II
(a) Bud (iii) (i)Maple
(b) Eyes (v) (ii)Spirogyra
(c) Fragmentation (ii) (iii) Yeast
(d) Wings (i) (iv) Bread mould
(e) Spores (iv) (v) Potato
(vi) Rose
(10) Tick (√) the correct answer:
(a) The reproductive part of a plant is the
(i) leaf
(ii) stem
(iii) root
(iv) flower
(b) The process of fusion of the male and the female gametes is called
(i) fertilisation
(ii) pollinisation
(iii)reproduction
(iv) seed formation
(c) Mature ovary forms the
(i) seed
(ii) stamen
(iii) pistil
(iv) fruit
(d) A spore producing plant is
(i)rose
(ii) bread mould
(iii) potato
(iv) ginger
(e) Bryophyllum can reproduce by its
(i) stem
(ii) leaves
(iii) roots
(iv) flower
Ans-
(a) The reproductive part of a plant is the
(i) leaf
(ii) stem
(iii) root
(iv) flower √
(b) The process of fusion of the male and the female gametes is called
(i) fertilisation √
(ii) pollinisation
(iii)reproduction
(iv) seed formation
(c) Mature ovary forms the
(i) seed
(ii) stamen
(iii) pistil
(iv) fruit √
(d) A spore producing plant is
(i)rose
(ii) bread mould √
(iii) potato
(iv) ginger
(e) Bryophyllum can reproduce by its
(i) stem
(ii) leaves √
(iii) roots
(iv) flower
Helping Topics
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